Bourne shell

2012-08-24T22:51:55Z

79.241.5.104: Undo revision 13219 by DavidYoung (talk)

/bin/sh is where you will find the ubiquitous and somewhat spartan Bourne shell, written by Steven Bourne.

Most shell scripts call on the '''sh''' shell because of its very ubiquity. It's been around since the 70's and it's not going to go away anytime soon. This makes shell scripts that use the bourne shell very portable -- '''sh''' will very likely be on literally every unixlike machine you ever encounter, but if you code a shell script that uses special features specific to other shells, you'll soon enough find a system that doesn't have them. ([[User:Jimbo|Jimbo]] recommends the following: "If it's an incredibly simple task, write a shell script in '''sh'''. If it's not, forget the shell scripting and write a [[perl]] script instead." Ancient Unix wisdom says that if you can't do it in sh, do it in C.)

[[Category: Shells]]

CUPS

2012-08-24T22:48:08Z

79.241.5.104: removed spam

CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
This makes it easy to add printers to your system and programs such as firefox will pick up the printer list automatically.

==Installing CUPS==
# pkg_add -r cups

or

# cd /usr/ports/print/cups
# make install clean

The CUPS daemon can now be started.

# export cupsd_enable="YES"
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/cupsd start

If you want CUPS to start at boot time, as you probably do, add the line ''cupsd_enable="YES"'' to /etc/rc.conf.

Note that the port installed by sysinstall (for FreeBSD 6.2 at least) is cups-base and much fucntionality is missing so you may want to add the above port even if you installed cups when you installed FreeBSD. As well, cups-base (and perhaps cups) does not create a directory for CUPS log files. They can be very handy for debugging so create one this way:

# mkdir /var/log/cups

==Install a Parallel Printer==

If you use an old parallel printer then you need to do the following before you add the printer through cups:

# chown root:cups /dev/lpt0
# chmod 0660 /dev/lpt0

Now add these lines to /etc/devfs.conf so that the permissions are set during boot time

own /dev/lpt0 root:cups
perm /dev/lpt0 0660

Turn on your printer and let it boot up. You should also make sure that it is "On Line". Now go back into the cups setup http://localhost:631 and add your printer, you will notice that there is now a Parallel device present.

After installing a printer try printing a test page. If you are using a non-Postscript printer you may get the error:

Unsupported format 'application/postscript'

In this case, add the port cups-pstoraster or the cups meta-port.

# pkg_add -r cups-pstoraster

or

# pkg_add -r cups

Now open /usr/local/etc/cups/mime.convs in an editor as root and add or uncomment the line linking pstoraster to the mime type application/postscript.

application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raster 100 pstoraster

Restart the cups daemon

# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/cupsd restart

and try to print a test page.

==Installing a PCL printer==

If you have a printer which handles PCL but not PS then you need to install the 'hpijs' port

# portinstall -P hpijs

Now you will have a huge list of HP printers to select from, if you have a basic B&W laser printer which accepts PCL then use the 'HP LaserJet 5L Foomatic/hpijs' driver and you shouldn't have a problem.

==Printing from Windows XP to a FreeBSD CUPs server==
You don't require samba to print from an XP client through a FreeBSD CUPS server to your printer. It's easier to do this without samba actually. It doesn't matter if you have samba installed though.

Simply get your printers working under CUPs and on the local server and test these. Then on the windows box add a new network printer and point that printer to your server by using the URL section of the wizard.

For example
http://<server>:631/printers/<printer name>

Then you will be able to have full rights of that printer on each windows box.

==KDE Setup==
You can setup any non KDE applications such as Openoffice to use the KDE printer dialogue by setting up the default printer of that applications as:

kprinter -stdin

===Openoffice===
Change the default printer in openoffice spadmin program

===xpdf===

Add the following to /usr/X11R6/etc/xpdfrc config file.
psFile "|kprinter -stdin"

==CUPS to PDF==
CUPS can also be used to print directly from any program to a PDF file.

# pkg_add -r cups-pdf

==CUPS mimics lpr==
If you have old programs which use lpr to print then you should install CUPS-lpr

# pkg_add -r cups-lpr

==CUPS Troubleshooting==

===CUPS with proxy===
Make sure if you run a proxy to set localhost in the exceptions of your browser.
Should now be able to connect to http://localhost:631

===CUPS and KDE Error===
If you get an error in KDE print manager such as:
cups host not found.

Then change the host from
host: /var/run/cups.sock
to
host: localhost

===CUPS and Gnome Warning===
In order to have CUPS work with Gnome applications and Firefox3, you will need to add 'WITH_CUPS="YES"' to your /etc/make.conf and recompile libgnomeprint and gtk20. You can do that with the commands:
# echo 'WITH_CUPS="YES"' >> /etc/make.conf
# cd /usr/ports/print/libgnomeprint && make deinstall && make configure && make install
# cd /usr/ports/x11-toolkits/gtk20 && make deinstall && make configure && make install

[[Category:Ports and Packages]]

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Bourne shell

CUPS